A Comparison Of Advocates And Adversaries Of Animal Research

A Comparison of Advocates and Adversaries of Animal Research Tony Lee April 20, 2015 Dr. Baine Craft Abstract The belligerent perspectives of animal research hold strongly to different goals. Advocates hold the view that animal research is beneficial to science and medicine, which can be applied for humans and animals alike. This is opposite from the perspective of adversaries who value the life of an animal, as well as related lives. History shows the progression of the adversaries influence through policy reforms and societal shifts in thinking, while never truly solving the issue of ethics in animal research. The central theme of this paper is to elaborate on the two conflicting tensions by providing historical and†¦show more content†¦This dichotomy remains relevant as certain groups of animal rights activists continue to progress research towards more humane protocol (Galvin Herzog, 1992), while research advocates believe such practices are necessary and should involve less hindrances in order to fulfill research goals (Lyons, 2011). Precedent suggests that the majority of sur veyors support animal research due to its benefits in furthering medical applications (Dolan, 2002; Lund, Morkbak, Lassen, Sandoe, 2014), yet animal rights advocates have endured a historic conflict. Such advocates have perpetuated paradigmatic discussion for contemplating the weaknesses in animal research policies (e.g. the subjective scaling of research severity – mild, moderate, severe) (Lyons, 2011). When analyzing the perspectives of advocates and adversaries through history and studies, the ability to determine the ethicality of animal research is impossible. More legislation against animal research is not necessarily the answer, but one political solution has been to settle the dissension through a personalized assessment of individual cases (Rollins, 2006). If animal research continues, a case-by-case analysis of research studies is the only ethical manner to appease the tension between advocates and adversaries. History has shown the tension between advocates and adversaries of animal research to be belligerent. Attitudes

Mind-Body Connection Essay - 1202 Words

Mind-Body Connection and how it Affects Learning James Webb Coll100 American Military University Corey Tutor Mind-Body Connection and how it Affects Learning The mind–body connection examines the relationship between mind and matter, and in particular the relationship between consciousness and the brain. Many throughout history have often wondered what causes the connection between the mental portion of the mind and the physical state of the body. A variety of different topics have been proposed. Most fall under either the dualist or monist theories. Many philosophers have debated their theories on the mind-body connection to include such philosophers as Descartes and Plato. More recent researchers have moved beyond the dualist†¦show more content†¦In Descartes theory, known as Cartesian Dualism, states that the mind interacts with the body at the pineal gland. He believed that while two separate entities, the mind controlled the body but they could interact with one another. According to Crane T. and Patterson, S. (2001) â€Å"Descartes’ suggestive characterization of a human being as a res cogitans. If I am fir st and foremost a ‘thinking thing,’ an individual whose mind is an immaterial and non-extended substance, then I need to explain those relations which might be said to exist between my mind, so understood, and my body, when that is defined as a material, physical thing.† Other philosophers believed in another theory called monism. Monism is basically the belief that mind and matter are made up of the same thing. In modern research scientists, educators, nutritionists, psychiatrists, and geneticists are constantly working together to find out how the mind-body connection affects learning. Scientists are researching how our ability to generate new brain cells affects our abilities to learn. Research has shown that our brain develops new brain cells every day. This continues until we die. According to Palombo-Weiss, R. (1997), â€Å"its our ability to generate new brain cells that accounts for the brains plasticity-its ability to continue to learn and update its database. Scientists generally agree that each human being has approximately 100 billion neurons, each ofShow MoreRelatedThe Mind-Body Connection1982 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿ Group 7: The Mind-Body Connection Friday, November 30, 2012 Principles of Anthropology ANTH200 LF Instructor: Adrienne Kitchin Overview The mind – body connection can be seen as a point of balance between one’s mind and their body; it is the point at which the mind and the body are at equilibrium.   There should be a comprehensive approach for both mind and body. This reciprocal relationship maximizes health benefits, and has exponentially positiveRead MoreThe Mind-Body Connection1852 Words   |  8 PagesOverview This paper will discuss the mind-body connection and its relevance to health care professionals and to the public. It will explore the history of the mind-body connection, as well as state research that has been done on the subject. The reader will gain an understanding of the various techniques used in mind-body therapy, as well as their effectiveness. What is the Mind-Body Connection? It is the idea that the mind and body are not separate entities. Rather, they are intricatelyRead More The Mind-Body Connection Essay1736 Words   |  7 Pages Overview This paper will discuss the mind-body connection and its relevance to health care professionals and to the public. It will explore the history of the mind-body connection, as well as state research that has been done on the subject. The reader will gain an understanding of the various techniques used in mind-body therapy, as well as their effectiveness. What is the Mind-Body Connection? It is the idea that the mind and body are not separate entities. Rather, they are intricately connectedRead MoreMusic And The Mind Body Connection Essay2398 Words   |  10 Pages2016 Music and the Mind Body Connection Throughout history, music has played a defining role, both in the spirit and the character of many of our planet’s greatest creative minds. The all-encompassing power of music was documented as early as 428 B.C. when Plato wrote, â€Å"Music is a moral law. It gives soul to the universe, wings to the mind, flight to the imagination, and charm and gaiety to life and to everything†(Plato). Music, whether produced or listened to, creates a connection that branches theRead MorePsychology : The Connection Of Mind And Body2531 Words   |  11 PagesWhen it comes to psychology the connection of mind and body is inevitable. As human beings, our behavior leaves a lot to say and we tend to not understand the role of mental functions yet. Because our species is very diverse, the way our thoughts interact with our body capacities forsakes something bigger than any of us. In this branch the word ‘’normal’’ is not easy to define, but only because what is not considered normal comes with psychological disorders. While psychological insight is oftenRead MoreThe Connection Between The Bondage Of Mind And Of The Body 921 Words   |  4 PagesThe connection between the ‘bondage of mind’ and the ‘bondage of the body’ as found in the southern ideology justifying slavery; The notion of slavery seems foreign to the majority of people today, but for our ancestors and Frederick Douglass it was a very real part of life. The concept of slavery is one that people today find unfathomable, particularly in the justification of slavery and why people owned slaves. 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Civilization in Mesopotamia free essay sample

SumerIn the ancient times, the Greeks called the area of the world’s first civilization ‘Mesopotamia’ which means, â€Å"The land between the two rivers. † This name was given because; Ancient Mesopotamia is where the first foundations of ancient city -states were laid. Ancient Mesopotamia was located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in the Fertile Crescent, which today is known as modern Iraq. Its location played a large role in its flourishing civilizations. The soil in this area was incredibly fertile, allowing for agricultural technology to thrive and support the growing population. Around 3500 B. C the world’s first civilization was established in southern Mesopotamia, and the people who did so were known as ‘Sumerians. ’ The Sumerians were the first great civilization to utilize the overabundance of resources that Mesopotamia had to offer . The Sumerians learnt how to control the Tigris and Euphrates rivers by constructing levees and irrigation canals. As a result, a stable food supply existed, and the Sumerian villages evolved into self-governing city-states. We will write a custom essay sample on Civilization in Mesopotamia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They grew crops such as; wheat, rye, barley, flax seeds, sesame, fruits and vegetables. At the centre of the city-state there was a temple which was called a ‘Ziggurat’, surrounded by courts and public buildings. Radiating from the all-important city were the two-story houses of the priests and merchants, or the upper class; the one-story homes of government officials, shop keepers and craftspeople, and the lower class homes of farmers, unskilled workers and fishermen. Since there wasn’t any building stone and very little timber in Sumer, the people constructed their own homes, public buildings, and city walls out of sun-dried mud bricks. In 3200 B. C. E the Sumerians invented â€Å"Cuneiform,† the first ever writing system. Cuneiform means ‘wedge-shape’. This is because, scribes used a reed to mark symbols onto wet clay tablets, thus giving the symbols a peculiar or wedge- shaped appearance. Writing developed because people had to keep a track of business deals. When people lived in villages they knew everyone and could remember what goods they exchanged with whom. When cities arose, there were too many people and goods to remember. At first, the Sumerians used pictures to represent objects. Later, they used pictures to represent ideas. Still later, they used pictures to represent symbols. In addition to business transactions, cuneiform was used to record daily events, astronomy and literature. Not everyone was able the master this form of writing, only the elite. Scribes and important religious figures were among the select few. Around 2400 B. C, Sumer’s civilization started to decline. King Sargon I, a ruler from north Mesopotamia took over Sumer and it was now called the Akkadian Empire. He began conquering the city-states and expanding his empire, and in the end he conquered most of Mesopotamia. Sargon I unified all city states and made the official language of Sumer; Akkadian. But in the temples the people still spoke Sumerian, because that was the only language that their gods understood. When Sargon I died, his empire disintegrated and each city-state resumed control of itself once again. Around 1800 B. C, the Babylon’s Empire conquered Akkad and Sumer combining their territory to create the Empire of Babylon. The king who rules this empire was called ‘Hammurabi,’ he created the first legal system. The improvement for which Hammurabi was best known for was a ‘Code of Law. ’ Each city-state had its own code. Hammurabi took what he believed were the best known laws from each code. He put these together and then issued one code by which everyone in the empire was to live. Hammurabi wanted to make sure that his code was carried out fairly and justly . To do this, he appointed ‘royal judges.  Ã‚  Judges who were not honest and witnesses who did not tell the truth were punished. Hammurabi’s code covered almost everything in daily life. The most important code of Hammurabi was â€Å"Eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth,† which meant that whatever crime was committed, the perpetrator would be punished by having the same crime applied to him. † A person was believed innocent until proven guilty. Once proven guilty, a person was punished. Punishme nts ranged from fines to death. There were no prison sentences. Members of the uppers class were punished more severely than the members of the middle and lower class. Some other reforms of Hammurabi are that, he improved irrigation systems by building and repairing canals, he re-organized the tax system, he began a government housing program and he also changed the religion by making everyone worship the god of Babylon who is ‘Marduk. ’ Mesopotamia also had many contributions which are very useful in today’s everyday life, such as the; wheel, 12 month calendar, plough, sailboat, mathematics and the clock.

The Assistant Essay Research Paper Throughout Bernard free essay sample

The Assistant Essay, Research Paper Throughout Bernard Malamuds, attractively written, The Assistant there were mentions to cultural icons or to spiritual symbols that sometimes represent The authors major subject. In this book it is Franks changeless resemblance to St. Francis Of Assisi, and Franks elusive transition to Judaism. The most of import spiritual symbol in the book is St. Francis. Frank Alpine # 8217 ; s name two of import intensions: It suggests an affinity with St. Francis of Assisi and besides refers to mountain highs beyond the Timberline. Frank has graphic memories of larning about St. Francis. His desires to be like St. Francis emphasizes merely one half of his divided character, because he is both a saint and a evildoer in a manner. Which gives him an alter self-importance in the novel. Ward Minogue is Franks Satan and his angels are Morris and Helen. Frank doesn? t pattern faith like a dedicated adult male, he is Catholic because he came up that manner, but at the terminal of the novel there is a unusual turn because he gets circumcised! And becomes a Jew. We will write a custom essay sample on The Assistant Essay Research Paper Throughout Bernard or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He all of a sudden converted faiths. This reminds me of Homers epic poem The Odyssey because like Odysseus Frank alterations to seek to go a better individual besides like St. Francis of Assisi. This is a affecting narrative but there is still some wit in it. T he chief ground for him to change over was so that Helen could accept him, but he besides wants to admit that he is no different from Jews, and that he is willing to populate among them even if Helen doesn? T want to. This is the ground it is humourous because he finds out that he can be a Jew because he portions a cardinal humanity with them. Harmonizing to Morris he was going a Jew long before his official transition. St. Francis of Assisi has something to make with Frank? s transition but it is of really small importance. Frank experiences change through enduring about like a human saint. This can besides travel for the Jews who suffered for many things. St. Francis is besides an of import factor because even his name compares: Frank-Francis and Alpine-Assisi. It is like they are both coming from the same topographic point or turning out of the same subdivision in a distorted, eerie like manner. This is besides a mark of good authorship because it is the writer that gives us these feelings. I believe that Frank is a figure of a saint traveling through certain alterations that make him more of a better individual. Franks elusive transition to Judaism was fortified by the good authorship of Malamud. He did it on the last page and on the last line even though there was some prefiguration. He leaves us in suspense. The Circumcision and such gave it away in a nice