Chem Lab Report Analysis Essay Example

Chem Lab Report Analysis Paper Methods used to achieve goals (physical properties and chemical properties f 3 components in the mixture and the 4 physical methods and 1 chemical method) In this experiment, the separation methods were declination, filtration, evaporation and extraction. Declination is a process to separate a solid from a liquid by slowly pouring, to allow the solid to settle to the bottom of the mixture. Filtration (physical) is the separation of a solid from a liquid by pouring the supernatant liquid in a piece of filter paper that drains in a beaker. The solid passed through the filter paper is the filtrate and the remaining solid that did not go through the filter paper is also known as the residue. Evaporation is the separation from a solvent from a solution by heating. The remaining residue is the substance dissolved in the solvent. Extraction (chemical) is the separation process used when only one component of a mixture is soluble in a solvent. Once the solvent is added, the insoluble components can be recovered by removing the solvent using declination or filtration. Tell results of project. Chem Lab Report Essay Sample Background Do not talk about procedure The main goal of the project is The theory behind physical methods to separate components that are mixed together is†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ The four physical separation methods that were used was connation, filtration, evaporation and extraction. The theory behind chemical methods to separate components that are mixed together The difference between a physical method and a chemical method is†¦.. Physical method is a separation when one solution becomes two or more solutions. Chemical method is when the chemical composition of only one part of the solution changes and allows new physical properties from liquid to solid. We will write a custom essay sample on Chem Lab Report Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Chem Lab Report Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Chem Lab Report Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Chem Lab Report Chem Lab Report Chem Lab Report Table of physical and chemical properties of the components in the mixture. .(Table 1, pig. 64) Physical Chemical Compound reacts w/ MM HCI Isis NO Niacin No Yes lobule in H2O NO cacao Yes Equation for percent recovery and percent error. It is important to calculate each one because†¦.. Experimental Procedural Preparing the Mixture for Separation 1 . Collected an unknown combination of Isis (sand), Niacin (salt), and Cacao (Calcium carbonate). Recorded the identification code. 2. Measured and recorded the mass of a 150 ml beakers #1 and #2 separately. 3. Measured and recorded the mass of the contents. Then, measured and recorded the mass of beaker #1 with measurements between 2. 50 g and 3. 00 g of mixed contents. Set aside beaker #2 for later. Recovering the NCAA 1 . Poured 50 ml of distilled water into a graduated cylinder, and slowly added water to the mixture in beaker #1. Stirred with glass stirring rod for 2 minutes dissolving NCAA. 2. The gravity filtration assembly is needed for the next step. Folded the filter paper and placed it in the filter, set the filter in beaker #2 touching the inside of the glass. Used the gravity filtration assembly with a 150 ml beaker underneath it, to separate the NCAA from the Isis and Cacao. . Added all of supernatant liquid from beaker #1 into the filter. Used a wash bottle o rinse excess liquid from beaker # 1 into filter. Also, used a stirring rod and rubber policeman to help with the remaining contents. 4. Beaker #2 was then placed on a hot plate to boil until liquid evaporated leaving NCAA. With beaker tongs, removed beaker and turned hot plate off. Set beaker aside to cool. 5. Measured and recorded a clean evaporating dish. Then with filter paper, Isis, and Cacao with paper fully opened. The filter paper is no longer needed. 6. Decanted the remaining water into a 1 ml beaker, being careful not to lose any NCAA. Then poured into the drain with running water. . Measured and recorded the mass of beaker #2 and NCAA, it is then no longer needed. 8. Beaker #1, #2, and stirring rod was then washed with distilled water twice. Beaker #1 was dried and set aside for later use in the experiment. Recovering the Isis. 1 . Using a dry graduated cylinder added 8 ml of MM HCI with acid slowly to the Isis, and Cacao in the evaporating dish. Then stirred with a stirring rod until there is no longer gas evolution. 2. Decanted the remaining supernatant liquid from evaporating dish into beaker The residue then rinsed with 5 ml of distilled water. Allow time for solid to sink to the bottom of the dish. Repeated three times, decanted the rinses into beaker #1. Saved the contents for later use in the experiment. 3. Used a 400 ml beaker and placed the evaporating dish with the Isis on the hot plate until water started to boil, in order for it to fully dry. Transferred the evaporating dish with crucible tongs to the resistant mat and turned off the hot plate. Measured and recorded the Isis after it had dried and cooled. Isis was then thrown away properly. 4. Retrieved beaker #1 that was set aside earlier in experiment, and placed it on the hot plate for 5 minutes. Beaker tongs were used to transfer the beaker to resistant mat. Immediately added 15 ml of 2 CHECK, and then stirred for 5 minutes. Set it aside to cool to room temperature Recovering the Cacao 1. Measured and recorded initialed clean dry watch glass with filter paper on top. 2. The gravity filtration assembly is needed for the next step. Folded the filter paper and placed it in the filter, set the filter in beaker #2 touching the inside of the glass. Used the gravity filtration assembly with a 150 ml beaker underneath it, to catch the filtered contents of Cacao. 3. Removed the items from the funnel and placed them on the watch glass. Used a 400 ml beaker and placed the evaporating dish with the Cacao on the hot plate until water started to boil, in order for it to fully dry. Transferred the evaporating dish with crucible tongs to the resistant mat and turned off the hot plate. After it cool to room temperature, measured and recorded watch glass, Cacao and filter paper. Results Data Observations I. Preparing the Mixture for Separation Identification code of unknown mixture beaker 1, g 77. Egg II. Recovering the NCAA mass of beaker 2 plus NCAA, g Recovering the Sis 2 mass of evaporating dish, g of evaporating dish plus Isis, g Cacao mass of watch glass, filter paper, g watch glass, filter paper, and Cacao, g Discussion 73. 68 g 34 mass of 75. 09 g mass of beaker 2, mass of beaker 1 plus mixture, g 74. 361 g 21. 23 g mass 22. 180 g IV. Recovering the 104. Egg mass of 105. Egg The separation of NCAA by extraction and filtration was possible because it is soluble in water, which means that it is able to be dissolved. Evaporation was used to recover the solid NCAA by boiling the salt water, leaving salt as the remaining result. Isis and Cacao was left on the filter paper after the first filtration. Chemical separation was needed to separate Isis from Cacao because they are insoluble in water. Added 8 ml of MM HCI was used for this separation. The chemical caused Cacao to change to Cacao. The balanced equation: An +CHI = Niacin When the 8 ml 3 M HCI was added to Cacao it changed it to Cacao. The carbon dioxide came out of the solution and caused it to bubble out. Cacao was the supernatant liquid that was in the evaporating dish with the sand after the chemical reaction took place. The liquid was separated from the sand by There was 15 ml of 2 CHECK was added to the supernatant liquid after it was decanted into a beaker and boiled for 5 minutes. The chemical was added in order to change it back to Cacao. The balanced equation: Cacao + CLC Cacao + H2O + CA When the chemical was added to the supernatant liquid it cased this to happen. Filtration was used to separate the products of this reaction because . When the NCAA was evaporated from the water, it splatter out of the beaker. This caused the NCAA to be lost, and the mass was decreased. The percent recovery: Niacin 25. 6% Isis 35. % Total Recovery: 36. 9% 98. % The percent recovery was below 100% because some of the NCAA was lost during the evaporation process. In order to evaporate all of the water the salt will start to pop out of the beaker. This is why the evaporation is the least effective of the methods. Conclusion The goals of this project was to separate the components of three mixtures sand, sodium chloride and calcium carbonate. Calculate the percentage by mass of each component, then calculate the percentage of each component recovered from the mixture. Show the concepts associated with physical and chemical properties of substances.

buy custom Internet and the Social Skills of Teenagers essay

buy custom Internet and the Social Skills of Teenagers essay Internet use is very vital in the current life (Valenti, Lacovelli, 2009). It has an enormous store of information that can be used by different people. Most parents encourage their offspring to use it in order to learn new information. This is because they believe that their children can be educated through the information that is available in the Internet. This has led to a large reliance on the Internet by many teenagers. However, the parents have never perceived the negative effects of the Internet dependence. Though being very informative, the Internet has very many challenges for the teenagers (Romer, 2011). The research paper explores the effect of the Internet addiction on the social skills of the adolescents. This is achieved in two major ways. There is an analysis of the relationship between the Internet addiction, and the attention deficit and the hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, social phobia, and hostility (Cheng, 2007). Sex differences among the adolescents are also evaluated before a conclusion is made. Internet addiction results to ADHD symptoms. It is one of the most common psychiatric disorders. This is a mental disorder that is characterized by an increased sensitivity to get reward. Teenagers with this problem normally derive their satisfaction from the Internet only. They have a feeling of controlling what is around them (Romer, 2011) ADHD victims are also notorious of fighting for freedom of self- expression. It is reported that adolescents who play more console or Internet video games have higher level of the ADHD symptoms. Depression is another effect of the Internet dependence. It is a situation where someone resorts to an activity that is highly affective to his or her behavior, thoughts, and feelings (Lebow et. al., 2011). The teenagers adjust their emotional condition by the use of the Internet. They are convinced that the use of the Internet is less harmful, and more available than some of the illegal substances. The results presented in the Cyber Psychology Behavior journal shows that adolescents with the Internet addiction have higher depressive levels. These youths feel imperfect in their real life. They try to hide this truth using the Internet. They believe that they can get positive feeling, and control of pleasure from others through the Internet (Whang, 2003). Social phobia is yet another effect of the Internet addiction on teenagers. This is a state of intense panic of social situations. It is usually accompanied by the fear of being evaluated by other people. The study revealed that the teenagers, who heavily depended on the Internet, had social anxiety. The adolescents find themselves hiding more and more in the cyber surfing, than being with the other people. This is because they fear that they may bee scrutinized by the public. Hostility is a major social effect of the Internet addiction. It is an internal angry rejection of the reality. It involves the thoughts and ideologies, which are not in line with the human life or norms. This disorder is characterized by conflict, rejection, and tension. The teenagers with high level of hostility often engage in interpersonal conflicts, and denial (Valenti, Lacovelli, 2009). In most cases they do not have means for self expression. They therefore resort to the use of the Internet in order to escape from stress, and reality of life. This is very risky, and the social skills of such teenagers are spoiled. In comparison, the Internet addiction differs for both the male and female. Male adolescents with high hostility need much more proper attention and patience in preventive measures, than their female counterparts do. The study also shows that male teenagers are more likely to have Internet addiction than the females, even if there are controls. This is because the females are under closer family supervisions, than the males are (Yen, 2007). In conclusion, the paper has evaluated the major effects of the Internet addiction on the social skills of teenagers. It has also shown that male teenagers are more vulnerable to the threat, than females. Corrective measures are required in order to help the teenagers live in the real world. Buy custom Internet and the Social Skills of Teenagers essay

The Spiritual Heritage of the Knights Templar Essay

The Spiritual Heritage of the Knights Templar - Essay Example The spiritual realization that we keep in ourselves is often mediated through strong religious personalities likes Buddha, Jesus, Moses or Mohammad. The awareness that he have about these religious leaders shapes our cultural beliefs. The true spiritual heritage, though, is not contained only in the books, history, monuments of stone or culture, but also in the love and sympathy we share for each other. The Brotherhood of the Knights Templars was precisely a self-conscious group of people who attained spiritual immortality through their great human expressions and protections of the heritage. Their story is so powerful that transformed their order into admirable human temple. The order of the Knights Templar is surrounded by mysteries and legendary stories. The religious crusades in the Middle Ages caused turmoil among the successors to the throne in Europeans countries and created a battlefield of faith too. The order is synonymous with the crusades of the Middle Ages and the emerge nce of the Religious knights. What most people remember about the Knights Templar are not their achievements and accomplishments but their tragic decline on Friday the 13th, in October 1307. The Knights Templars were a military order which was established to defend Christian pilgrims in Jerusalem in 1118. Two decades after the victory of the First Crusade which took place between 1095 and 1099 a group of knights commanded by Hugues de Payens proposed the Patriarch of Jerusalem to serve as a military force (Dafoe 2009). The original group was said to consist of nine people who had to protect Christian pilgrims who were travelling to the Holy Land to visit the temples sacred to their faith. Between 1118 and 1120 King Baldwin II granted the military formation quarters in a wing of the Royal Palace on the Temple Mount (Dafoe 2009). This place was among the holy structures which were presented by the priests of Jerusalem as the Temple of Solomon. "The Poor fellow-soldiers of Jesus Christ" became "The Knights as the Temple of Solomon" and subsequently known as the Knights Templars. Cistercian abbot was the first greatest contributor, who in 1127 issued rules and promoted the Templars. By rule, the Templars were not allowed to own properties personally, however this restriction did not apply to the Order as whole. So, those who were not able to participate in the order gifted land and other valuables as a sign of respect and honor to the group. Over the decades the Templars converted their humble start into the wealthiest of the Crusading Orders. Eventually, they gained the favour of the Church and the majority of the European monarchs (Dafoe 2009). Although the Templars were considered as the most powerful medieval military force the warrior-monks faced their tragic demise in 1307 when King Philip IV of France had the knights arrested and their assets seized. This controversial and unexpected destruction of the order ensured that the history of the Templars would be enveloped in mythical speculations. The legendary group was said to be arrested under the motiva tion of blasphemy, heresy, and sodomy (Dafoe 2009). Jacques de Molay - the Grand Master of the Knights Templar, and 60 of his senior knights were captured in Paris. After recanting the confession he made while being tortured, Jacques de Molay was burned at the stake in 1314. Generally, historians agree that the primary motivation of King Philip was greed rather than the genuine belief that the Templars were corrupt. Recent rediscovered Vatican archives showed that the Templars were innocent of the charges they were accused (Dafoe 2009). Over the centuries, the mystique around