A Comparison Of Advocates And Adversaries Of Animal Research

A Comparison of Advocates and Adversaries of Animal Research Tony Lee April 20, 2015 Dr. Baine Craft Abstract The belligerent perspectives of animal research hold strongly to different goals. Advocates hold the view that animal research is beneficial to science and medicine, which can be applied for humans and animals alike. This is opposite from the perspective of adversaries who value the life of an animal, as well as related lives. History shows the progression of the adversaries influence through policy reforms and societal shifts in thinking, while never truly solving the issue of ethics in animal research. The central theme of this paper is to elaborate on the two conflicting tensions by providing historical and†¦show more content†¦This dichotomy remains relevant as certain groups of animal rights activists continue to progress research towards more humane protocol (Galvin Herzog, 1992), while research advocates believe such practices are necessary and should involve less hindrances in order to fulfill research goals (Lyons, 2011). Precedent suggests that the majority of sur veyors support animal research due to its benefits in furthering medical applications (Dolan, 2002; Lund, Morkbak, Lassen, Sandoe, 2014), yet animal rights advocates have endured a historic conflict. Such advocates have perpetuated paradigmatic discussion for contemplating the weaknesses in animal research policies (e.g. the subjective scaling of research severity – mild, moderate, severe) (Lyons, 2011). When analyzing the perspectives of advocates and adversaries through history and studies, the ability to determine the ethicality of animal research is impossible. More legislation against animal research is not necessarily the answer, but one political solution has been to settle the dissension through a personalized assessment of individual cases (Rollins, 2006). If animal research continues, a case-by-case analysis of research studies is the only ethical manner to appease the tension between advocates and adversaries. History has shown the tension between advocates and adversaries of animal research to be belligerent. Attitudes

Mind-Body Connection Essay - 1202 Words

Mind-Body Connection and how it Affects Learning James Webb Coll100 American Military University Corey Tutor Mind-Body Connection and how it Affects Learning The mind–body connection examines the relationship between mind and matter, and in particular the relationship between consciousness and the brain. Many throughout history have often wondered what causes the connection between the mental portion of the mind and the physical state of the body. A variety of different topics have been proposed. Most fall under either the dualist or monist theories. Many philosophers have debated their theories on the mind-body connection to include such philosophers as Descartes and Plato. More recent researchers have moved beyond the dualist†¦show more content†¦In Descartes theory, known as Cartesian Dualism, states that the mind interacts with the body at the pineal gland. He believed that while two separate entities, the mind controlled the body but they could interact with one another. According to Crane T. and Patterson, S. (2001) â€Å"Descartes’ suggestive characterization of a human being as a res cogitans. If I am fir st and foremost a ‘thinking thing,’ an individual whose mind is an immaterial and non-extended substance, then I need to explain those relations which might be said to exist between my mind, so understood, and my body, when that is defined as a material, physical thing.† Other philosophers believed in another theory called monism. Monism is basically the belief that mind and matter are made up of the same thing. In modern research scientists, educators, nutritionists, psychiatrists, and geneticists are constantly working together to find out how the mind-body connection affects learning. Scientists are researching how our ability to generate new brain cells affects our abilities to learn. Research has shown that our brain develops new brain cells every day. This continues until we die. According to Palombo-Weiss, R. (1997), â€Å"its our ability to generate new brain cells that accounts for the brains plasticity-its ability to continue to learn and update its database. Scientists generally agree that each human being has approximately 100 billion neurons, each ofShow MoreRelatedThe Mind-Body Connection1982 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿ Group 7: The Mind-Body Connection Friday, November 30, 2012 Principles of Anthropology ANTH200 LF Instructor: Adrienne Kitchin Overview The mind – body connection can be seen as a point of balance between one’s mind and their body; it is the point at which the mind and the body are at equilibrium.   There should be a comprehensive approach for both mind and body. This reciprocal relationship maximizes health benefits, and has exponentially positiveRead MoreThe Mind-Body Connection1852 Words   |  8 PagesOverview This paper will discuss the mind-body connection and its relevance to health care professionals and to the public. It will explore the history of the mind-body connection, as well as state research that has been done on the subject. The reader will gain an understanding of the various techniques used in mind-body therapy, as well as their effectiveness. What is the Mind-Body Connection? It is the idea that the mind and body are not separate entities. Rather, they are intricatelyRead More The Mind-Body Connection Essay1736 Words   |  7 Pages Overview This paper will discuss the mind-body connection and its relevance to health care professionals and to the public. It will explore the history of the mind-body connection, as well as state research that has been done on the subject. The reader will gain an understanding of the various techniques used in mind-body therapy, as well as their effectiveness. What is the Mind-Body Connection? It is the idea that the mind and body are not separate entities. Rather, they are intricately connectedRead MoreMusic And The Mind Body Connection Essay2398 Words   |  10 Pages2016 Music and the Mind Body Connection Throughout history, music has played a defining role, both in the spirit and the character of many of our planet’s greatest creative minds. The all-encompassing power of music was documented as early as 428 B.C. when Plato wrote, â€Å"Music is a moral law. It gives soul to the universe, wings to the mind, flight to the imagination, and charm and gaiety to life and to everything†(Plato). Music, whether produced or listened to, creates a connection that branches theRead MorePsychology : The Connection Of Mind And Body2531 Words   |  11 PagesWhen it comes to psychology the connection of mind and body is inevitable. As human beings, our behavior leaves a lot to say and we tend to not understand the role of mental functions yet. Because our species is very diverse, the way our thoughts interact with our body capacities forsakes something bigger than any of us. In this branch the word ‘’normal’’ is not easy to define, but only because what is not considered normal comes with psychological disorders. While psychological insight is oftenRead MoreThe Connection Between The Bondage Of Mind And Of The Body 921 Words   |  4 PagesThe connection between the ‘bondage of mind’ and the ‘bondage of the body’ as found in the southern ideology justifying slavery; The notion of slavery seems foreign to the majority of people today, but for our ancestors and Frederick Douglass it was a very real part of life. The concept of slavery is one that people today find unfathomable, particularly in the justification of slavery and why people owned slaves. The institution of slavery is as old as civilization itself existing in various formsRead MoreBody and Mind Connection: How All Aspects of Health Affect Learning807 Words   |  3 PagesThe connection between the mind and body is more than muscle, connective tissue, and nerves. Each system of the body affects each other, contributing to the total health of an individual. Every aspect of health affects the way a person learns, feels, and performs. It is important have a healthy body, sound emotional state, and solid psychological state to learn and perform at the highest level of capability. The psychological aspect builds upon the emotional, and emotional upon the physical.Read MoreExperience the Body-Mind Connection for Functional Wellness!! Therapist Dr. Rama Reddy Jaggavarapu,1100 Words   |  5 PagesExperience the Body-Mind Connection for Functional Wellness!! Therapist Dr. Rama Reddy Jaggavarapu, Ph.D. is an Indian human scientist. His innovative life’s work on mind-body connection places him millennia in front of the medical institution. His bestselling book, ‘Doctor of Mind’ is a simple read for any who wants to approach life in unique effective way. Currently, he is a research instructor and committed in educating each client and groups on mind-body-spirit amalgamation skills. Dr. RamaRead MoreThe Mind And Body : Theories1174 Words   |  5 PagesThe mind and body are two abstract concepts however; they both can be deduced to a simple principle of materialism. Rene Descartes posed a claim that, the mind and body are not related and concludes that a brain is made of matter while a mind is made of â€Å"mental processes, thought and consciousness† (simply psychology). However, Thomas Hobbes argued that â€Å"everything in the world, including our thoughts and mind, can be explained in terms of one thing: matter in mot ion (many world of logic). ThroughoutRead MoreFilm Analysis : The Matrix1557 Words   |  7 Pagesartificial intelligence, sentient beings, with mechanical bodies, created by people to service humanity, and the discovery of a person, Neo, that possesses abilities that can defeat the Artificial Intelligence and manumit humanity. The majority of human beings have their consciousness/minds trapped within the Matrix, a computer simulated world in which their minds are born, live in, and die, while their bodies are connected to it via cerebral connection but, remain in a dormant slumber and are never used

Civilization in Mesopotamia free essay sample

SumerIn the ancient times, the Greeks called the area of the world’s first civilization ‘Mesopotamia’ which means, â€Å"The land between the two rivers. † This name was given because; Ancient Mesopotamia is where the first foundations of ancient city -states were laid. Ancient Mesopotamia was located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in the Fertile Crescent, which today is known as modern Iraq. Its location played a large role in its flourishing civilizations. The soil in this area was incredibly fertile, allowing for agricultural technology to thrive and support the growing population. Around 3500 B. C the world’s first civilization was established in southern Mesopotamia, and the people who did so were known as ‘Sumerians. ’ The Sumerians were the first great civilization to utilize the overabundance of resources that Mesopotamia had to offer . The Sumerians learnt how to control the Tigris and Euphrates rivers by constructing levees and irrigation canals. As a result, a stable food supply existed, and the Sumerian villages evolved into self-governing city-states. We will write a custom essay sample on Civilization in Mesopotamia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They grew crops such as; wheat, rye, barley, flax seeds, sesame, fruits and vegetables. At the centre of the city-state there was a temple which was called a ‘Ziggurat’, surrounded by courts and public buildings. Radiating from the all-important city were the two-story houses of the priests and merchants, or the upper class; the one-story homes of government officials, shop keepers and craftspeople, and the lower class homes of farmers, unskilled workers and fishermen. Since there wasn’t any building stone and very little timber in Sumer, the people constructed their own homes, public buildings, and city walls out of sun-dried mud bricks. In 3200 B. C. E the Sumerians invented â€Å"Cuneiform,† the first ever writing system. Cuneiform means ‘wedge-shape’. This is because, scribes used a reed to mark symbols onto wet clay tablets, thus giving the symbols a peculiar or wedge- shaped appearance. Writing developed because people had to keep a track of business deals. When people lived in villages they knew everyone and could remember what goods they exchanged with whom. When cities arose, there were too many people and goods to remember. At first, the Sumerians used pictures to represent objects. Later, they used pictures to represent ideas. Still later, they used pictures to represent symbols. In addition to business transactions, cuneiform was used to record daily events, astronomy and literature. Not everyone was able the master this form of writing, only the elite. Scribes and important religious figures were among the select few. Around 2400 B. C, Sumer’s civilization started to decline. King Sargon I, a ruler from north Mesopotamia took over Sumer and it was now called the Akkadian Empire. He began conquering the city-states and expanding his empire, and in the end he conquered most of Mesopotamia. Sargon I unified all city states and made the official language of Sumer; Akkadian. But in the temples the people still spoke Sumerian, because that was the only language that their gods understood. When Sargon I died, his empire disintegrated and each city-state resumed control of itself once again. Around 1800 B. C, the Babylon’s Empire conquered Akkad and Sumer combining their territory to create the Empire of Babylon. The king who rules this empire was called ‘Hammurabi,’ he created the first legal system. The improvement for which Hammurabi was best known for was a ‘Code of Law. ’ Each city-state had its own code. Hammurabi took what he believed were the best known laws from each code. He put these together and then issued one code by which everyone in the empire was to live. Hammurabi wanted to make sure that his code was carried out fairly and justly . To do this, he appointed ‘royal judges.  Ã‚  Judges who were not honest and witnesses who did not tell the truth were punished. Hammurabi’s code covered almost everything in daily life. The most important code of Hammurabi was â€Å"Eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth,† which meant that whatever crime was committed, the perpetrator would be punished by having the same crime applied to him. † A person was believed innocent until proven guilty. Once proven guilty, a person was punished. Punishme nts ranged from fines to death. There were no prison sentences. Members of the uppers class were punished more severely than the members of the middle and lower class. Some other reforms of Hammurabi are that, he improved irrigation systems by building and repairing canals, he re-organized the tax system, he began a government housing program and he also changed the religion by making everyone worship the god of Babylon who is ‘Marduk. ’ Mesopotamia also had many contributions which are very useful in today’s everyday life, such as the; wheel, 12 month calendar, plough, sailboat, mathematics and the clock.

The Assistant Essay Research Paper Throughout Bernard free essay sample

The Assistant Essay, Research Paper Throughout Bernard Malamuds, attractively written, The Assistant there were mentions to cultural icons or to spiritual symbols that sometimes represent The authors major subject. In this book it is Franks changeless resemblance to St. Francis Of Assisi, and Franks elusive transition to Judaism. The most of import spiritual symbol in the book is St. Francis. Frank Alpine # 8217 ; s name two of import intensions: It suggests an affinity with St. Francis of Assisi and besides refers to mountain highs beyond the Timberline. Frank has graphic memories of larning about St. Francis. His desires to be like St. Francis emphasizes merely one half of his divided character, because he is both a saint and a evildoer in a manner. Which gives him an alter self-importance in the novel. Ward Minogue is Franks Satan and his angels are Morris and Helen. Frank doesn? t pattern faith like a dedicated adult male, he is Catholic because he came up that manner, but at the terminal of the novel there is a unusual turn because he gets circumcised! And becomes a Jew. We will write a custom essay sample on The Assistant Essay Research Paper Throughout Bernard or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He all of a sudden converted faiths. This reminds me of Homers epic poem The Odyssey because like Odysseus Frank alterations to seek to go a better individual besides like St. Francis of Assisi. This is a affecting narrative but there is still some wit in it. T he chief ground for him to change over was so that Helen could accept him, but he besides wants to admit that he is no different from Jews, and that he is willing to populate among them even if Helen doesn? T want to. This is the ground it is humourous because he finds out that he can be a Jew because he portions a cardinal humanity with them. Harmonizing to Morris he was going a Jew long before his official transition. St. Francis of Assisi has something to make with Frank? s transition but it is of really small importance. Frank experiences change through enduring about like a human saint. This can besides travel for the Jews who suffered for many things. St. Francis is besides an of import factor because even his name compares: Frank-Francis and Alpine-Assisi. It is like they are both coming from the same topographic point or turning out of the same subdivision in a distorted, eerie like manner. This is besides a mark of good authorship because it is the writer that gives us these feelings. I believe that Frank is a figure of a saint traveling through certain alterations that make him more of a better individual. Franks elusive transition to Judaism was fortified by the good authorship of Malamud. He did it on the last page and on the last line even though there was some prefiguration. He leaves us in suspense. The Circumcision and such gave it away in a nice

Chem Lab Report Analysis Essay Example

Chem Lab Report Analysis Paper Methods used to achieve goals (physical properties and chemical properties f 3 components in the mixture and the 4 physical methods and 1 chemical method) In this experiment, the separation methods were declination, filtration, evaporation and extraction. Declination is a process to separate a solid from a liquid by slowly pouring, to allow the solid to settle to the bottom of the mixture. Filtration (physical) is the separation of a solid from a liquid by pouring the supernatant liquid in a piece of filter paper that drains in a beaker. The solid passed through the filter paper is the filtrate and the remaining solid that did not go through the filter paper is also known as the residue. Evaporation is the separation from a solvent from a solution by heating. The remaining residue is the substance dissolved in the solvent. Extraction (chemical) is the separation process used when only one component of a mixture is soluble in a solvent. Once the solvent is added, the insoluble components can be recovered by removing the solvent using declination or filtration. Tell results of project. Chem Lab Report Essay Sample Background Do not talk about procedure The main goal of the project is The theory behind physical methods to separate components that are mixed together is†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ The four physical separation methods that were used was connation, filtration, evaporation and extraction. The theory behind chemical methods to separate components that are mixed together The difference between a physical method and a chemical method is†¦.. Physical method is a separation when one solution becomes two or more solutions. Chemical method is when the chemical composition of only one part of the solution changes and allows new physical properties from liquid to solid. We will write a custom essay sample on Chem Lab Report Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Chem Lab Report Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Chem Lab Report Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Chem Lab Report Chem Lab Report Chem Lab Report Table of physical and chemical properties of the components in the mixture. .(Table 1, pig. 64) Physical Chemical Compound reacts w/ MM HCI Isis NO Niacin No Yes lobule in H2O NO cacao Yes Equation for percent recovery and percent error. It is important to calculate each one because†¦.. Experimental Procedural Preparing the Mixture for Separation 1 . Collected an unknown combination of Isis (sand), Niacin (salt), and Cacao (Calcium carbonate). Recorded the identification code. 2. Measured and recorded the mass of a 150 ml beakers #1 and #2 separately. 3. Measured and recorded the mass of the contents. Then, measured and recorded the mass of beaker #1 with measurements between 2. 50 g and 3. 00 g of mixed contents. Set aside beaker #2 for later. Recovering the NCAA 1 . Poured 50 ml of distilled water into a graduated cylinder, and slowly added water to the mixture in beaker #1. Stirred with glass stirring rod for 2 minutes dissolving NCAA. 2. The gravity filtration assembly is needed for the next step. Folded the filter paper and placed it in the filter, set the filter in beaker #2 touching the inside of the glass. Used the gravity filtration assembly with a 150 ml beaker underneath it, to separate the NCAA from the Isis and Cacao. . Added all of supernatant liquid from beaker #1 into the filter. Used a wash bottle o rinse excess liquid from beaker # 1 into filter. Also, used a stirring rod and rubber policeman to help with the remaining contents. 4. Beaker #2 was then placed on a hot plate to boil until liquid evaporated leaving NCAA. With beaker tongs, removed beaker and turned hot plate off. Set beaker aside to cool. 5. Measured and recorded a clean evaporating dish. Then with filter paper, Isis, and Cacao with paper fully opened. The filter paper is no longer needed. 6. Decanted the remaining water into a 1 ml beaker, being careful not to lose any NCAA. Then poured into the drain with running water. . Measured and recorded the mass of beaker #2 and NCAA, it is then no longer needed. 8. Beaker #1, #2, and stirring rod was then washed with distilled water twice. Beaker #1 was dried and set aside for later use in the experiment. Recovering the Isis. 1 . Using a dry graduated cylinder added 8 ml of MM HCI with acid slowly to the Isis, and Cacao in the evaporating dish. Then stirred with a stirring rod until there is no longer gas evolution. 2. Decanted the remaining supernatant liquid from evaporating dish into beaker The residue then rinsed with 5 ml of distilled water. Allow time for solid to sink to the bottom of the dish. Repeated three times, decanted the rinses into beaker #1. Saved the contents for later use in the experiment. 3. Used a 400 ml beaker and placed the evaporating dish with the Isis on the hot plate until water started to boil, in order for it to fully dry. Transferred the evaporating dish with crucible tongs to the resistant mat and turned off the hot plate. Measured and recorded the Isis after it had dried and cooled. Isis was then thrown away properly. 4. Retrieved beaker #1 that was set aside earlier in experiment, and placed it on the hot plate for 5 minutes. Beaker tongs were used to transfer the beaker to resistant mat. Immediately added 15 ml of 2 CHECK, and then stirred for 5 minutes. Set it aside to cool to room temperature Recovering the Cacao 1. Measured and recorded initialed clean dry watch glass with filter paper on top. 2. The gravity filtration assembly is needed for the next step. Folded the filter paper and placed it in the filter, set the filter in beaker #2 touching the inside of the glass. Used the gravity filtration assembly with a 150 ml beaker underneath it, to catch the filtered contents of Cacao. 3. Removed the items from the funnel and placed them on the watch glass. Used a 400 ml beaker and placed the evaporating dish with the Cacao on the hot plate until water started to boil, in order for it to fully dry. Transferred the evaporating dish with crucible tongs to the resistant mat and turned off the hot plate. After it cool to room temperature, measured and recorded watch glass, Cacao and filter paper. Results Data Observations I. Preparing the Mixture for Separation Identification code of unknown mixture beaker 1, g 77. Egg II. Recovering the NCAA mass of beaker 2 plus NCAA, g Recovering the Sis 2 mass of evaporating dish, g of evaporating dish plus Isis, g Cacao mass of watch glass, filter paper, g watch glass, filter paper, and Cacao, g Discussion 73. 68 g 34 mass of 75. 09 g mass of beaker 2, mass of beaker 1 plus mixture, g 74. 361 g 21. 23 g mass 22. 180 g IV. Recovering the 104. Egg mass of 105. Egg The separation of NCAA by extraction and filtration was possible because it is soluble in water, which means that it is able to be dissolved. Evaporation was used to recover the solid NCAA by boiling the salt water, leaving salt as the remaining result. Isis and Cacao was left on the filter paper after the first filtration. Chemical separation was needed to separate Isis from Cacao because they are insoluble in water. Added 8 ml of MM HCI was used for this separation. The chemical caused Cacao to change to Cacao. The balanced equation: An +CHI = Niacin When the 8 ml 3 M HCI was added to Cacao it changed it to Cacao. The carbon dioxide came out of the solution and caused it to bubble out. Cacao was the supernatant liquid that was in the evaporating dish with the sand after the chemical reaction took place. The liquid was separated from the sand by There was 15 ml of 2 CHECK was added to the supernatant liquid after it was decanted into a beaker and boiled for 5 minutes. The chemical was added in order to change it back to Cacao. The balanced equation: Cacao + CLC Cacao + H2O + CA When the chemical was added to the supernatant liquid it cased this to happen. Filtration was used to separate the products of this reaction because . When the NCAA was evaporated from the water, it splatter out of the beaker. This caused the NCAA to be lost, and the mass was decreased. The percent recovery: Niacin 25. 6% Isis 35. % Total Recovery: 36. 9% 98. % The percent recovery was below 100% because some of the NCAA was lost during the evaporation process. In order to evaporate all of the water the salt will start to pop out of the beaker. This is why the evaporation is the least effective of the methods. Conclusion The goals of this project was to separate the components of three mixtures sand, sodium chloride and calcium carbonate. Calculate the percentage by mass of each component, then calculate the percentage of each component recovered from the mixture. Show the concepts associated with physical and chemical properties of substances.

buy custom Internet and the Social Skills of Teenagers essay

buy custom Internet and the Social Skills of Teenagers essay Internet use is very vital in the current life (Valenti, Lacovelli, 2009). It has an enormous store of information that can be used by different people. Most parents encourage their offspring to use it in order to learn new information. This is because they believe that their children can be educated through the information that is available in the Internet. This has led to a large reliance on the Internet by many teenagers. However, the parents have never perceived the negative effects of the Internet dependence. Though being very informative, the Internet has very many challenges for the teenagers (Romer, 2011). The research paper explores the effect of the Internet addiction on the social skills of the adolescents. This is achieved in two major ways. There is an analysis of the relationship between the Internet addiction, and the attention deficit and the hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, social phobia, and hostility (Cheng, 2007). Sex differences among the adolescents are also evaluated before a conclusion is made. Internet addiction results to ADHD symptoms. It is one of the most common psychiatric disorders. This is a mental disorder that is characterized by an increased sensitivity to get reward. Teenagers with this problem normally derive their satisfaction from the Internet only. They have a feeling of controlling what is around them (Romer, 2011) ADHD victims are also notorious of fighting for freedom of self- expression. It is reported that adolescents who play more console or Internet video games have higher level of the ADHD symptoms. Depression is another effect of the Internet dependence. It is a situation where someone resorts to an activity that is highly affective to his or her behavior, thoughts, and feelings (Lebow et. al., 2011). The teenagers adjust their emotional condition by the use of the Internet. They are convinced that the use of the Internet is less harmful, and more available than some of the illegal substances. The results presented in the Cyber Psychology Behavior journal shows that adolescents with the Internet addiction have higher depressive levels. These youths feel imperfect in their real life. They try to hide this truth using the Internet. They believe that they can get positive feeling, and control of pleasure from others through the Internet (Whang, 2003). Social phobia is yet another effect of the Internet addiction on teenagers. This is a state of intense panic of social situations. It is usually accompanied by the fear of being evaluated by other people. The study revealed that the teenagers, who heavily depended on the Internet, had social anxiety. The adolescents find themselves hiding more and more in the cyber surfing, than being with the other people. This is because they fear that they may bee scrutinized by the public. Hostility is a major social effect of the Internet addiction. It is an internal angry rejection of the reality. It involves the thoughts and ideologies, which are not in line with the human life or norms. This disorder is characterized by conflict, rejection, and tension. The teenagers with high level of hostility often engage in interpersonal conflicts, and denial (Valenti, Lacovelli, 2009). In most cases they do not have means for self expression. They therefore resort to the use of the Internet in order to escape from stress, and reality of life. This is very risky, and the social skills of such teenagers are spoiled. In comparison, the Internet addiction differs for both the male and female. Male adolescents with high hostility need much more proper attention and patience in preventive measures, than their female counterparts do. The study also shows that male teenagers are more likely to have Internet addiction than the females, even if there are controls. This is because the females are under closer family supervisions, than the males are (Yen, 2007). In conclusion, the paper has evaluated the major effects of the Internet addiction on the social skills of teenagers. It has also shown that male teenagers are more vulnerable to the threat, than females. Corrective measures are required in order to help the teenagers live in the real world. Buy custom Internet and the Social Skills of Teenagers essay

The Spiritual Heritage of the Knights Templar Essay

The Spiritual Heritage of the Knights Templar - Essay Example The spiritual realization that we keep in ourselves is often mediated through strong religious personalities likes Buddha, Jesus, Moses or Mohammad. The awareness that he have about these religious leaders shapes our cultural beliefs. The true spiritual heritage, though, is not contained only in the books, history, monuments of stone or culture, but also in the love and sympathy we share for each other. The Brotherhood of the Knights Templars was precisely a self-conscious group of people who attained spiritual immortality through their great human expressions and protections of the heritage. Their story is so powerful that transformed their order into admirable human temple. The order of the Knights Templar is surrounded by mysteries and legendary stories. The religious crusades in the Middle Ages caused turmoil among the successors to the throne in Europeans countries and created a battlefield of faith too. The order is synonymous with the crusades of the Middle Ages and the emerge nce of the Religious knights. What most people remember about the Knights Templar are not their achievements and accomplishments but their tragic decline on Friday the 13th, in October 1307. The Knights Templars were a military order which was established to defend Christian pilgrims in Jerusalem in 1118. Two decades after the victory of the First Crusade which took place between 1095 and 1099 a group of knights commanded by Hugues de Payens proposed the Patriarch of Jerusalem to serve as a military force (Dafoe 2009). The original group was said to consist of nine people who had to protect Christian pilgrims who were travelling to the Holy Land to visit the temples sacred to their faith. Between 1118 and 1120 King Baldwin II granted the military formation quarters in a wing of the Royal Palace on the Temple Mount (Dafoe 2009). This place was among the holy structures which were presented by the priests of Jerusalem as the Temple of Solomon. "The Poor fellow-soldiers of Jesus Christ" became "The Knights as the Temple of Solomon" and subsequently known as the Knights Templars. Cistercian abbot was the first greatest contributor, who in 1127 issued rules and promoted the Templars. By rule, the Templars were not allowed to own properties personally, however this restriction did not apply to the Order as whole. So, those who were not able to participate in the order gifted land and other valuables as a sign of respect and honor to the group. Over the decades the Templars converted their humble start into the wealthiest of the Crusading Orders. Eventually, they gained the favour of the Church and the majority of the European monarchs (Dafoe 2009). Although the Templars were considered as the most powerful medieval military force the warrior-monks faced their tragic demise in 1307 when King Philip IV of France had the knights arrested and their assets seized. This controversial and unexpected destruction of the order ensured that the history of the Templars would be enveloped in mythical speculations. The legendary group was said to be arrested under the motiva tion of blasphemy, heresy, and sodomy (Dafoe 2009). Jacques de Molay - the Grand Master of the Knights Templar, and 60 of his senior knights were captured in Paris. After recanting the confession he made while being tortured, Jacques de Molay was burned at the stake in 1314. Generally, historians agree that the primary motivation of King Philip was greed rather than the genuine belief that the Templars were corrupt. Recent rediscovered Vatican archives showed that the Templars were innocent of the charges they were accused (Dafoe 2009). Over the centuries, the mystique around